Resetting the PRAM
This is a common Mac troubleshooting procedure, and fixes a multitude of software and hardware problems.
PRAM stands for Parameter RAM, and contains the following stored information:
Display and video settings such as refresh rate, screen resolution, number of colors
Time zone setting
Startup volume choice
Speaker volume
Recent kernel panic information, if any
You will not lose any data stored on your Macs drives, and system and application preferences besides the above will remain intact.
How to Reset your PRAM
Reboot your Mac
Hold down Command Apple – Option Alt – P – R
When you have heard the chime for the second time, release the keys and the Mac will boot as normal
Once your operating system has loaded, you may need to verify your time zone, startup volume, and volume settings using System Preferences
